Network Segmentation

Network segmentation is the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, isolated segments to enhance security, improve performance, and simplify management. Segmentation limits the ability of attackers to move laterally across a network.

Types of Segmentation

  • Physical Segmentation: Using separate physical devices or switches for different network segments.
  • VLAN Segmentation: Logical separation of networks using virtual LANs.
  • Microsegmentation: Fine-grained segmentation within a network using software-defined controls, often in cloud environments.

Benefits

  • Reduces attack surface and limits spread of malware or ransomware.
  • Improves performance by isolating traffic-intensive applications.
  • Enhances compliance by controlling access to sensitive data.
  • Supports Zero Trust principles by controlling access between segments.

Practical Example

A company might segment its network so that HR systems, financial systems, and guest Wi-Fi networks are isolated from each other. If one segment is compromised, attackers cannot easily move to other sensitive areas of the network.

Bottom line: Network segmentation is a critical security control that prevents lateral movement, improves performance, and helps organizations comply with security standards like PCI-DSS, HIPAA, and ISO 27001.

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